Primitivism

Primitivism is an art movement inspired by the visual languages of non-Western, ancient, and folk cultures. Emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it reflected a desire to break away from industrial society and academic tradition. Artists looked to what they perceived as more direct, spiritual, and instinctive forms of expression.

Forms were simplified, proportions often exaggerated, and perspective intentionally distorted. Color was bold and symbolic rather than naturalistic. Masks, tribal figures, and mythic imagery frequently appeared as sources of inspiration. The focus was on emotional power and raw expression rather than technical refinement.

Primitivism played an important role in the development of modern art. It influenced movements such as Fauvism, Expressionism, and Cubism. While historically significant, the movement is also viewed today through a critical lens for how it interpreted and appropriated other cultures.